In this review, we organize the clinical presentations of MOGAD by neuroanatomic compartments, while emphasizing the wide range of reported presentations. However, because the spectrum of MOGAD encompasses many NMOSD-atypical presentations, and because of differences in pathophysiology–AQ4-ab-positive NMOSD being an astrocytopathy and MOGAD being an oligodendrocytopathy-there is an increasing tendency to recognize AQ4-Ab-positive NMOSD and MOGAD as distinct entities ( 6– 10). Indeed, a minority of patients with Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQ4-ab)-seronegative NMOSD−42% in one series–test positive for MOG-Ab ( 5). Early reports of MOG Associated Disease (MOGAD) emphasized its similarity to Neuromyeliits Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) ( 2– 4). Epub 2017 Dec 30.The ability of MOG antibody (MOG-Ab) to induce autoimmune disease in animals has been known for decades ( 1), but it is only recently since the cell-based assay for MOG-Ab IgG 1 has been developed and commercialized, that it became possible to characterize clinical syndromes associated with MOG-Ab in humans. ‘Leukodystrophy-like’ phenotype in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. (10) Hacohen Y, Rossor T, Mankad K, et al. Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with optic neuritis and seizures. (9) Gutman JM, Kupersmith M, Galetta S, Kister I. Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of CNS MOG autoimmunity in adults: The MOGADOR study. (8) Cobo-Calvo A, Ruiz A, Maillart E, et al. Antibodies to MOG and AQP4 in children with neuromyelitis optica and limited forms of the disease. (5) Lechner C, Baumann M, Hennes EM, et al. Defining distinct features of anti-MOG antibody associated central nervous system demyelination. ![]() (4) Weber MS, Derfuss T, Metz I, Brück W. Comparison of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) when they co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis. 10 Leukodystrophies are genetic rare diseases that affect the central nervous system by disrupting myelination. One study described symptoms and MRI findings of MOG antibody disease in children under the age of 7 that were similar to leukodystrophies. 1 NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis that can cause psychosis, issues with memory and language, and seizures. MOG antibody disease can also occur in relation to another condition called anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis. When a relapse occurs, the diagnosis of MOGAD is confirmed. In some, the MOG antibody persists, and relapses may occur. In many kids, the MOG antibody disappears within 1 year, and relapses do not occur. 4Ĭhildren can be found to have the MOG antibody in the setting of ADEM however, a positive MOG antibody test in the setting of ADEM does not necessarily imply a course of MOGAD. Those with MOG antibody disease are more likely to have both optic nerves affected at the same time, and if the symptoms are in only one eye, the other optic nerve may show subclinical atrophy. ![]() Paraparesis (weakness) of a limb or limbs.Paralysis (no motor function) of a limb or limbs. ![]()
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